10:Parts of Bone
Bones are complex structures composed of various parts that contribute to their overall function and strength. Understanding the different parts of a bone is crucial for studying its anatomy and comprehending its role in the body. Here are the main parts of a bone:
- Diaphysis: The diaphysis is the shaft or main long cylindrical portion of a long bone. It provides support and stability to the bone.
- Epiphysis: The epiphysis refers to the rounded ends of a long bone. It contains spongy bone and is involved in the growth and articulation of joints.
- Metaphysis: The metaphysis is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis. It plays a vital role in bone growth and development during childhood and adolescence.
- Articular Cartilage: Articular cartilage covers the joint surfaces of bones, providing a smooth and lubricated surface for easy movement and reducing friction between bones.
- Periosteum: The periosteum is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones. It contains blood vessels, nerves, and cells involved in bone growth and repair.
- Medullary Cavity: The medullary cavity is a hollow space within the diaphysis of long bones. It contains bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells.
- Compact Bone: Compact bone refers to the dense, hard outer layer of bone tissue. It provides strength, protection, and support to the bone.
- Spongy (Cancellous) Bone: Spongy bone is found in the interior of bones and consists of a network of trabeculae. It provides structural support and contains red bone marrow.
- Bone Marrow: Bone marrow is a soft, gelatinous tissue found within the medullary cavity and the spaces of spongy bone. It is responsible for the production of blood cells and storage of fat.
- Haversian System: The Haversian system, also known as the
