Iodine is an essential trace element that is crucial for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces hormones that play a key role in regulating metabolism and supporting the development and proper functioning of various organs. Here are key aspects of iodine:

Function in the Body:

  1. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis: Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are critical for regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

  2. Metabolism: Thyroid hormones influence the body's metabolic rate, affecting how the body uses energy, regulates temperature, and processes nutrients.

  3. Brain Development: Iodine is particularly important during pregnancy and early childhood for proper brain development. Insufficient iodine during these periods can lead to developmental issues, including intellectual disabilities.

Sources of Iodine:

  1. Iodized Salt: Iodized salt is a common source of iodine. It is table salt that has been fortified with iodine to help prevent iodine deficiency.

  2. Seafood: Fish and other seafood are rich sources of iodine, as marine life concentrates iodine from the ocean.

  3. Dairy Products: Dairy, such as milk and yogurt, can be good sources of iodine.

  4. Eggs: Eggs contain iodine, with the amount depending on the iodine content of the hen's feed.

  5. Seaweed: Certain types of seaweed, such as nori, contain high levels of iodine.

  6. Iodine Supplements: In some cases, iodine supplements may be recommended, especially in regions where soil iodine levels are low, and dietary iodine intake is insufficient.

Recommended Daily Intake:

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for iodine varies based on age, sex, and life stage. As of my knowledge cutoff in January 2022, the RDAs for iodine are as follows:

  • Infants (0-6 months): 110 micrograms per day
  • Infants (7-12 months): 130 micrograms per day
  • Children (1-8 years): 90 micrograms per day
  • Children (9-13 years): 120 micrograms per day
  • Adolescents (14-18 years): 150 micrograms per day
  • Adults (19 years and older): 150 micrograms per day
  • Pregnant and lactating women: 220-290 micrograms per day

It's important to note that excessive iodine intake can also lead to health issues, including thyroid dysfunction.